Business
From Black Wall Street to the Black Dollar Project
by Jeffrey L. Boney
Special to the NNPA from the Houston Forward Times
Despite historically high unemployment rates, African Americans have shown resiliency in their ability to persevere as consumers.
In 2013, the National Newspaper Publishers Association (NNPA) collaborated with Nielsen to create a report and compile Nielsen’s third installment called, “The African American Consumer Report,” which showed the spending habits of the African American consumer. Most importantly, the report revealed and calculated the annual buying and spending power of African Americans in the United States.
According to the report, the African American population in the United States reached almost 43 million in 2012, representing approximately 13.7% of the U.S. population. Black buying power continues to increase, rising from its current $1 trillion level to a forecasted $1.3 trillion by 2017, which keeps Black consumers at the forefront of social trends and media consumption.
Many retailers and Fortune 500 companies have developed African American advertising teams and have also dedicated significant amounts of resources towards tapping into the steadily increasing buying power of Black consumers. These major institutions and corporate juggernauts have the resources and totally understand the importance of advertising to Black consumers; however the majority of African American businesses, here in the United States, cannot boast the same successes and ability to effectively reach the African American consumer.
One of the biggest complaints that Black businesses have is that Black consumers don’t support them. One of the biggest responses that Black consumers give is that they would possibly support a Black business if they knew who they were and where to find them. All in all, there has been a tremendous disconnect between the Black business community and Black consumers since the days of Black Wall Street.
Black Wall Street was the name given to Greenwood Avenue, located in Tulsa, Oklahoma, where starting in 1910, this 35 square block area was both admired and envied by many individuals because the circulation of Black dollars within the Black community produced a tremendously prosperous and wealthy group of Black families and a vibrant Black community. What made Black Wall Street so powerful is that the Black dollar circulated anywhere from 36 to 1000 times, sometimes taking a whole year before the money left the community.

Cheryl Pearson-McNeil, Senior VP, US Strategic Community Alliances and Consumer Engagement – Nielsen
By 1921, the population of Black Wall Street had reached 11,000 and the community had its own bus line, thirteen churches, four hotels, three drug stores, two high schools, two theaters, two newspapers, one hospital and a public library. In addition to that, they built nearly 200 two- and three-story brick commercial buildings that housed professional offices for lawyers, doctors and dentists, clothing stores, grocery stores, nightclubs, restaurants and motels. Black Wall Street had become a strong commercial community.
African Americans had been subjected to segregationist policies during the early 1900’s, therefore Black people were forced to live amongst each other, shop and spend money with one another. Since African Americans could not live with White people or patronize White businesses in Tulsa, this forced interaction caused Black Wall Street to thrive to the point where Blacks had to develop a completely separate business community. Investing African American dollars back in their own community, and seeing their community become the envy of America, produced a sense of accomplishment, pride and self-sufficiency.
Sadly, the worst act of racial violence in American history occurred on June 1, 1921, when Black Wall Street was burned to the ground by a mob of angry Whites, after newspaper reports wrongly claimed that a Black shoeshine boy by the name of Dick Rowland had sexually assaulted a 17-year-old White girl named Sarah Page in the lift of the office block where they both worked. A White lynch mob decided they would take matters in their own hands and tried to kill Rowland, which ultimately led to a confrontation between the Black and White communities and one of the most intentional genocides of Black people in American history.
The attack left more than 3,000 African Americans dead and nearly 600 African American successful business destroyed. Roughly 10,000 Black people were left homeless and more than 1,000 houses burnt to the ground. After the Tulsa riot, the White inhabitants tried to buy the property from the African Americans and force them out of town. No bank or lending institution would make loans to the African American residents of Black Wall Street and the city of Tulsa refused to allow anybody from the outside to offer them any assistance. Seeking to rebuild and restore their once prosperous neighborhood, many of the owners refused to sell and most of the buildings along the first block of Greenwood Avenue were rebuilt within one year.
Unfortunately, no other African American community has been able to consistently replicate the economic strength and fortitude exhibited during the times of Black Wall Street, although many attempts have been made.
In order to get back to the same level of strength, as that of Black Wall Street, Black businesses must change their current business model and seek to establish meaningful connections with Black consumers, many of which have no dedicated loyalty with their dollars.
The average income for African American households nationwide is $47,290, with 35% of those African American households earning $50,000 or more. Sadly, according to an analysis of 2009 Census data provided by the Pew Research Center and cited by the Associated Press, the median wealth of White U.S. households in 2009 was 113,149, compared to $5,677 for Blacks. The wealth gap between White Americans and Black Americans is the widest that it has been in a quarter-century, with White households having over 20 times the net worth of Black households.
The dollar circulates almost ten (10) times within the Jewish community before it reaches the outside. The dollar circulates almost six (6) times within the Asian community before it reaches the outside. The dollar circulates an infinite number of times within the White community; more than all other groups. Sadly, the African American dollar does not even circulate one time within its own community. As a matter of fact, the Black dollar only stays in the Black community less than six (6) hours. This must change if we hope to address the issues of high unemployment, recidivism, crime and other critical issues impacting the African American community.
The Nielsen report found that if African Americans in the United States had their own country, their over $1 trillion in annual buying power would make them the 16th largest country in the world. The lack of Black consumer’s financial support of African American businesses should help everyone understand why the wealth disparity numbers exist within the Black community the way they do. Small businesses are the backbone of America. They create jobs and support communities. Black people must support Black businesses to ensure long-term sustainability.
As a Black consumer, these wealth disparity figures should serve as a wake-up call, as well as an opportunity to use these statistics to better understand the power that they possess with their Black dollar. Black people play a powerful role in the overall economic infrastructure of the United States and each purchasing decision Black consumers make has an impact on the bottom line of every company in America.

Irvin Ashford, Jr., Senior VP – Comerica Bank
On the flip-side, African American businesses must invest in themselves in order to strengthen their brand and effectively reach the Black consumer by creating an advertising budget and joining a branded network that helps Black businesses and Black consumers better understand the shopping, buying, viewing, digital, and mobile trends of the African American consumer.
Since the times of Black Wall Street, and as a result of slumping revenues, many African American businesses that once gainfully employed Black people and kept the communities strong, have since closed their doors for a variety of reasons. For many African American businesses, they were forced to sell off their business because of a lack of adequate revenue or simply because their children refused to carry on the torch, considering it easier to cash out instead of continuing the legacy.
In order for any Black business to survive in today’s economy, they must have a consistent stream of revenue, as well as continued support from the community and customers they serve, if they hope to be around more than a few years.
In a famous speech in 1925, President Calvin Coolidge said, “The chief business of the American people is business.”
While Black people have the right, as American citizens, to spend their money where they want and how they choose, making the decision not to support Black businesses contributes to the extinction of those Black establishments. The same thing applies to African American businesses. There are so many Black consumers who want to spend their money with African American businesses, but they don’t know how to locate them, primarily because most Black businesses don’t advertise or market their products and services. If Black consumers don’t know where Black businesses are located and how to patronize them, then they are hurting themselves.
Having a collective voice and a systematic approach to bridging the gap between Black consumers and the Black business community is the key. The Black Dollar Project is that vehicle.
The Black Dollar Project is a business initiative that was created to address the need for stronger business relationships and alliances through commerce in the African American community between business owners and consumers that spearheads steady economic growth and empowerment. Studies show that when a community chooses to participate in a conscientious initiative to support businesses in their own community by purposefully spending money with those businesses and stimulating economic growth, then the community is positively affected.
The Black Dollar Project’s primary goal is to assist in creating meaningful and beneficial economic empowerment in the African American Community that leads to exceptional growth and sustainability. Black businesses and Black consumers will be educated and empowered through forums and seminars and African Americans businesses will finally be able to advertise and target the African American consumer the same way that Fortune 500 companies do, without having to have a significant advertising budget.
Through a solid partnership with business organizations, such as the Texas Business Alliance and many others, along with partnerships with media outlets such as the Houston Forward Times, the initiative will drive Black consumers to become more conscious about spending their money and supporting Black businesses and allow Black consumers to receive better services to their community without waiting or asking someone else to assist in bettering that community.
Be sure to register for the Black Dollar Project Launch Event on June 5, 2014 at Texas Southern University’s Jesse H. Jones School of Business Auditorium (www.blackdollarproject.com) and find out more about this powerful economic movement starting in the city of Houston, Texas. It is time for African Americans to rebuild the economic wall they once built as a successful blueprint for us to follow and begin to support and run our own stores and no longer depend on the government or social programs to build and strengthen our own communities.
Black Press
Trader Vic’s Returns to Its Oakland Roots
Trader Vic’s, the internationally recognized brand and birthplace of the original Mai Tai, has officially returned to its roots in Oakland. Originally founded in 1934 on San Pablo Avenue before moving to Emeryville, the hospitality giant has launched Trader Vic’s Outpost at Oakland International Airport’s Terminal 2. The new full-service location offers travelers breakfast, lunch, dinner, and cocktails in a 108-seat space designed to celebrate the city’s status as a top national food destination. Visit the website to read more.
Oakland has always been a city of innovators, entrepreneurs, visionaries, and world-class hospitality. Trader Vic’s—the birthplace of the original Mai Tai – first opened in Oakland back in 1934 on San Pablo Avenue, long before becoming an internationally recognized global brand.
More than 50 years after it moved to Emeryville, Trader Vic’s is returning to its roots. Oakland Mayor Barbara Lee touts the return as another victory for Oakland.
“My administration is deeply committed to backing businesses like Trader Vic’s and Plum Market—partners who invest in our city, uplift our local workforce, and support thousands of local jobs,” Lee said.
The latest Trader Vic’s – called Trader Vic’s Outpost – is located at the Oakland International Airport in Terminal 2 near Gate 25 and had a soft opening in August.
With 108 dining seats, 28 bar seats and a counter for standing-room customers, travelers from around the world can have a full-service restaurant and bar experience or take-out for those with planes to catch.
Open from 6 a.m. to 10 p.m., breakfast, lunch, dinner, cocktails will be served.
Trader Vic’s returning to its roots confirms Condé Nast’s decision to name Oakland the #1 Food City in America two years in a row, and just earlier this month, ranked Oakland #6 on their list of Best Cities in the U.S.!
“The opening at OAK is incredibly meaningful for us,” said Rhett Rosen, CEO of Trader Vic’s Hospitality Group, according to the company website. “Trader Vic’s was born in the Bay Area, and this new location gives us the chance to welcome travelers with a taste of that original spirit before they take off. It brings together everything people love about Trader Vic’s — great cocktails, flavorful food, warm hospitality and a little sense of escape — in a place that connects Oakland to the world.”
Trader Vic’s is an Oakland institution and one of the region’s most recognizable hospitality brands, said Port of Oakland Director of Aviation Craig Simon on the web site.
“Travelers are increasingly seeking dining options that are memorable, locally rooted, and uniquely representative of the communities they are visiting. Trader Vic’s delivers all of that while providing a high-quality food and beverage experience for our guests. We are proud to welcome this hometown favorite to Terminal 2,”
The original Trader Vic’s in Oakland:
In 1934, with an investment of $500, Bergeron opened his initially small restaurant at 65th Avenue and San Pablo, serving comfort foods for lunch and dinner and beers and whiskeys. As his clientele grew, so did his restaurant, expanding space and menu options. After visiting this establishment, famed San Francisco Chronicle columnist Herb Caen proclaimed that the “best restaurant in San Francisco is in Oakland.”
There were as many as 25 franchises worldwide, including the U.S. Trader Vic’s is now headquartered in Martinez.
Black Press
Oakland Coal Terminal Backed by Trump Would Be Bigger, Dirtier Than Promised, Says Report
A recent feasibility study commissioned by potential investors says an Oakland coal terminal backed by President Donald Trump could export 13 million tons a year — three times the amount estimated in an earlier environmental review.
Surprisingly, the report also contradicts developers’ and project advocates’ repeated pledges that the coal would be stored in a covered terminal. Instead, the millions of tons of coal shipped annually from inland states to the West Gateway terminal in Oakland would be stored in “two open-air bunkers,” with about 150,000 tons of coal per stockpile, before being sent overseas, according to the recent report cited by the L.A. Times. (https://ruic.utah.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/Port-Study-RUIC-Bulk-Commodity-Ocean-Terminals-Study.pdf)
Residents and clean air advocates have long expressed concerns that coal dust would worsen pollution in West Oakland and throughout the East Bay.
The proposed site of the Oakland Bulk and Oversized Terminal (OBOT) is located at the former Army base near the Port of Oakland, which developer Phil Tagami has been trying for years to turn into a shipping terminal despite determined community opposition.
Trump announced a $75-million investment in the project in June, about a third of its estimated cost. The new terminal would be the largest coal export site on the West Coast, transporting coal to Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, Vietnam and Malaysia, according to the Trump administration.
Opponents say a new terminal would undermine years of progress cleaning up the air in West Oakland, which has a history of disproportionate pollution and high asthma rates due to its proximity to the port and other industry.
According to No Coal in Oakland organizer Ted Franklin, who has been active for 11 years in the fight to stop the coal terminal, the report indicates that investors may be looking for a cheaper way to build the terminal.
“We were shocked but not surprised” by the report, Franklin said. “Basically, it seems that the plan now is to store open piles of coal, which is a less expensive project than creating a completely enclosed facility.”
The threats that the project poses are real, but it faces a lot of economic and legal hurdles, he said.
Coal production is in permanent decline worldwide, he said, wondering who was going to “invest money in an industry that has no future.”
Further, the project has not yet attracted big investors. “There’s no bank, no financing, no financial institution backing this,” he continued.
A major legal hurdle facing the project is the passage of Assemblymember Mia Bonta’s bill, AB 40, the Community-First Coal Review Act, signed into law by Gov. Gavin Newsom on Sept. 30.
The law requires developers of large-volume bulk coal facilities to complete a full Environmental Impact Report (EIR) under the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) before they can operate.
The law was specifically designed to block or delay the coal terminal project.
The report to potential developers was produced by consulting groups Norda Stelo and Wood Mackenzie in July and released this month. It was commissioned by the Rural Utah Infrastructure Coalition, made up of eight Utah counties that are considering investing about $43 million into the terminal to receive Utah coal.
The consultants produced their findings after visiting Oakland, examining engineering documents and holding discussions with Savage Cos., a Utah-based transport and logistics company selected to operate the facility
Research has shown that coal terminal operations can be dangerous to public health. The ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach moved away from open-air coal and petroleum coke storage three decades ago.
The report says that the site could process 12 million metric tons, or 13.2 million tons, of coal each year, three times more than the terminal’s approved environmental impact report from 2002 and its 2012 addendum. Neither document mentions coal specifically, but rather bulk commodities.
The coal arriving in Oakland could also be dirtier then had been previously stated, according to the report. Project officials previously said the terminal would handle only high-grade western bituminous coal from Utah, but the recent report says it will also handle Powder River Basin coal from Wyoming and Montana, known to be much dustier.
Nor does the report mention plans to cover the rail cars to prevent pollution, though project officials previously promised they would only utilize coal transported in covered rail cars.
“It appears the developers want to build something much bigger and more polluting than anything they previously revealed, either in court or to the West Oakland community,” said Colin O’Brien, deputy managing attorney at the nonprofit Earthjustice, speaking to the L.A. Times.
The report indicates that the project may be much more expensive and take longer to complete than anticipated. The Energy Department estimates the terminal will cost about $231 million, but the report places the price at between $430 million and $625 million.
The terminal will take 53 months to complete according to the report, significantly longer than Trump’s promise of exports beginning in 2028.
Ted Franklin’s column, “Utah Study Blesses Investment in Oakland Coal Terminal but Leaves Key Questions Unanswered” is available at https://nocoalinoakland.info/utah-study-blesses-investment-in-oakland/
Black History
COMMENTARY: BIG MAMA SAID: Don’t Throw Away the Gift Just Because It Came Wrapped Wrong
TEXAS METRO NEWS — Journalist and mentor Terry Allen reflects on the profound wisdom of his grandmother, Lucille “Big Mama” Allen, who believed that a person’s mistakes do not represent their total identity. Allen argues that many behavioral issues seen in young men are actually symptoms of undeveloped gifts that have been applied to the wrong environments.
Big Mama had a way of seeing something in you before you could see it in yourself.
My grandmother, Lucille “Big Mama” Allen, came from a generation that believed in correction. I grew up in a household where somebody might tell you, “Go get me a switch.” You knew what that meant.
But age has taught me something: correction without direction can stop behavior, but it doesn’t always develop the person.
Sometimes what we call a young man’s problem is really an undeveloped gift.
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I learned that through mentoring.
I once worked with a young man who was gambling and running numbers. Now, I wasn’t going to celebrate the behavior. Wrong is wrong. But I also refused to believe his mistakes represented the totality of who he was.
I looked underneath the behavior.
This young brother understood numbers. He understood money, calculation and risk. His gift wasn’t gambling. His gift was his mind. So I introduced him to another image: Mansa Musa, the legendary African ruler whose name became synonymous with extraordinary wealth, commerce and economic power. to The message was simple: You already have something inside you. Now what are you going to do with it? That young man redirected his abilities. What had been operating in the wrong environment found purpose through education, accounting and legitimate business. Today, he has built a leading Bookkeeping firm in California’s East Bay.
That is what mentoring can do. It is also why I created programs like City MenTor and why, for 25 years, City Men Cook has celebrated fathers, mentors and men who show up. Mentoring isn’t creating somebody in our image. It is helping somebody recognize what God already placed inside them. I thnaks GOd for allys ike Pastor Keith Lofton who helpe me keep the programs grunded in Faith.
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Scripture tells us to “fan into flame the gift of God.” — 2 Timothy 1:6.
Somebody reading this has a gift that survived mistakes, disappointment, rejection, bad decisions and maybe even your own attempts to bury it.
But it survived.Now comes the question Big Mama might ask
Baby, if God restored your gift, who are you using it to restore?
Don’t just celebrate your comeback. Reach back. Find somebody whose gift came wrapped wrong—and help them unwrap it.
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Big Mama said: Don’t throw away the gift. Redirect it. Develop it. Then give it away.
Terry Allen is an NABJ award-winning Journalist, DEI expert, PR professional, and – Vice President at FocusPR, founder of the charity City Men Cook, and Dallas Chapter President of NBPRS.org
Based on reporting by Texas Metro News.
Black History
Columbus’s Oldest Businesses Still Open: 10 That Have Lasted 75+ Years
COLUMBUS TIMES — Columbus, Georgia, traces its commercial roots to the early 19th century, when the Chattahoochee River and local cotton mills fueled a burgeoning regional economy. While the city has transformed into a modern hub for banking and manufacturing, a select group of businesses and institutions have managed to survive for more than 75 years.
The historic Springer Opera House in downtown Columbus, Georgia, opened in 1871 and stands as one of the city’s oldest surviving cultural institutions.
Some Columbus businesses have been around longer than the automobiles, shopping centers and neighborhoods that now surround them. A handful date back to the 1800s, when cotton mills powered the local economy and the Chattahoochee River carried goods between communities. Others survived the Great Depression, two world wars, economic downturns and decades of changing consumer habits.
While hundreds of businesses have opened and closed across Columbus over the generations, these 10 have histories stretching back at least 75 years. Some remain family-owned, while others have survived mergers, ownership changes or major transformations. Together, their histories tell the story of how Columbus grew from a riverfront trading town into a regional center for banking, manufacturing, commerce and culture.
This list includes businesses, commercial institutions and their surviving successors with documented Columbus roots before 1951. It is not a definitive ranking of every surviving business, and several entries have changed ownership, names or operating models over time.
1. Columbus Ledger-Enquirer — 1828 (198 Years)
One of Columbus’s oldest surviving commercial institutions is its longtime newspaper, the Columbus Ledger-Enquirer. Its history began in 1828 with the founding of the Columbus Enquirer, the same year Columbus was established. The Columbus Ledger followed in 1886, and the two newspapers eventually became a single publication in 1988.
Over nearly two centuries, the newspaper has documented wars, elections, industrial expansion, economic downturns and major changes throughout the Chattahoochee Valley. Its ownership changed again in July 2026, when the Georgia Trust for Local News purchased the Ledger-Enquirer from McClatchy. The newspaper continues operating, although the modern publication is the product of mergers and transformations rather than an unchanged business established in 1828.
2. Willcox-Lumpkin Co. — 1848 (178 Years)
Insurance agency Willcox-Lumpkin traces its history to 1848, making it one of Columbus’s oldest documented commercial enterprises. Historical city directories identify the business as an insurance agency that protected homes, businesses and property long before automobiles became common. The company remained associated with generations of the Willcox and Lumpkin families.
Its history is supported by advertisements appearing in Columbus directories more than a century ago. Georgia Secretary of State records currently list Willcox-Lumpkin Co. as active and in compliance, with its corporate registration dating to December 1923. That distinction matters because the business’s claimed operating history is considerably older than its present corporate registration.
3. Springer Opera House — 1871 (155 Years)
The Springer Opera House opened in 1871 and became one of the city’s most important entertainment destinations. Built by businessman Francis Joseph Springer, the theater attracted nationally recognized performers and helped establish Columbus as a cultural center. Its ornate Victorian architecture remains one of downtown’s most recognizable landmarks.
The Springer nearly disappeared during the 1960s after declining attendance and years of deterioration. Preservationists rescued the building, and theatrical performances returned in 1965. Although it has not operated continuously in the same form, the Springer remains an active performing arts institution and an example of how historic properties can find new economic life.
4. Schomburg’s Jewelers — 1872 (154 Years)
Few Columbus retailers can claim a family history as long as Schomburg’s Jewelers. Carl Frederick Schomburg established the jewelry business in 1872 after working as a clockmaker, and the company gradually expanded into watches, jewelry and other luxury goods. Five generations of the family have been associated with the business.
Today, Schomburg’s operates on Rollins Way and identifies itself as Georgia’s oldest fifth-generation jeweler. Its longevity reflects a business model built around specialized craftsmanship, customer relationships and family continuity. While many traditional jewelry stores have disappeared or become part of national chains, Schomburg’s has maintained a recognizable local identity.
5. Goldens’ Foundry & Machine Co. — 1882 (144 Years)
Two brothers, Theodore and J. Poitevent Golden, established Goldens’ Foundry & Machine Co. in 1882. The company began as a small foundry and machine shop during an era when Columbus was expanding rapidly as a manufacturing center. Its products helped supply the machinery and industrial equipment needed by businesses throughout the region.
More than 140 years later, the business remains associated with descendants of its founders. Goldens’ continues manufacturing industrial castings while also developing consumer products through its Goldens’ Cast Iron brand. Its survival is especially significant because many of the textile mills and industrial operations that helped create its original market have long since closed.
6. W.C. Bradley Co. — 1885 (141 Years)
The W.C. Bradley Co. traces its origins to 1885, when William Clark Bradley entered the cotton business in Columbus. Over time, his growing enterprise expanded into groceries, fertilizer, transportation, manufacturing and financial services. The company eventually became one of the most influential business organizations in the Chattahoochee Valley.
Its business interests helped shape the development of modern Columbus, including the city’s banking and manufacturing sectors. The company also became closely associated with Char-Broil, the nationally recognized outdoor cooking brand. Today, W.C. Bradley Co. maintains its corporate headquarters near the Chattahoochee River, continuing a business legacy that began when cotton dominated the regional economy.
7. Synovus Banking Legacy — 1888 (138 Years)
The banking institution that became Synovus began in 1888 with the establishment of two Columbus banks. According to company history, the idea developed partly from the need to provide textile workers with a safe place to keep their earnings. Those early banking operations eventually evolved into Columbus Bank and Trust and later Synovus Financial Corporation.
A major change occurred in January 2026 when Synovus merged with Pinnacle Financial Partners, ending its existence as an independent corporation. The combined organization continues serving Columbus customers under the Synovus name during the transition to Pinnacle branding, which is scheduled for 2027. Pinnacle also announced plans in June to expand its downtown Columbus workspace, reinforcing the city’s continued importance to the banking operation.
8. Dinglewood Pharmacy — 1918 (108 Years)
Dinglewood Pharmacy opened on November 13, 1918, and became one of Columbus’s most recognizable neighborhood businesses. While generations of customers have visited for prescriptions and pharmacy services, the business is equally famous for its traditional lunch counter. Its signature scrambled dog has become closely associated with Columbus food culture.
The pharmacy celebrated its centennial in 2018, an achievement relatively few independent neighborhood businesses reach. Its ability to combine traditional pharmacy services with a popular local dining experience has helped preserve its reputation across generations. Dinglewood remains an especially visible example of a business whose appeal extends well beyond the original service it was established to provide.
9. Striffler-Hamby Mortuary — 1923 (103 Years)
Striffler-Hamby Mortuary traces its business history to 1923, when David Abraham Striffler opened his own funeral establishment in downtown Columbus. Striffler had entered the local funeral industry in 1908 before eventually establishing an independent operation. In 1930, he moved the business into a building constructed specifically for funeral services.
The mortuary became an established name as generations of Columbus families turned to it for funeral arrangements. Today, the business operates as part of the Dignity Memorial network, showing how a longstanding local institution can continue under different corporate ownership. Its history also offers a look at how funeral services evolved from small undertaking establishments into modern funeral homes.
10. WRCG Radio, Originally WRBL — 1928 (98 Years)
Columbus entered the broadcasting era on May 10, 1928, when WRBL began transmitting radio programs to local listeners. The station was established through the efforts of early radio pioneer Bill Lewis and became the city’s first radio broadcasting operation. Its original programming helped bring news, entertainment and live events into Columbus homes.
The station eventually changed ownership, frequencies and call letters, becoming WRCG in 1977. Historical research by Columbus State University and Historic Columbus confirms the connection between the original WRBL radio operation and its later identity. Today, WRCG represents a surviving broadcasting legacy that predates television’s arrival in Columbus by approximately 25 years.
What These Businesses Reveal About Columbus
The survival of these institutions reflects the major industries that shaped Columbus over nearly two centuries. Banking, manufacturing, retail, insurance, entertainment and communications all played important roles in the city’s economic development. Several businesses adapted to changing markets, while others survived by maintaining relationships with generations of local customers.
Their histories also demonstrate that longevity does not necessarily mean remaining unchanged. Some businesses were acquired by larger corporations, others moved into new industries, and several preserved their names despite major changes in ownership. For Columbus residents, these institutions provide a tangible connection to the city’s past while continuing to influence its economic and cultural identity.
Source: Historic Columbus Foundation; Columbus State University Archives and Special Collections; Georgia Historical Society; New Georgia Encyclopedia;
Based on reporting by Columbus Times.
Black Press
Lawyer-Turned-Contractor Hones Focus on Redeveloping Properties for Housing
BAY STATE BANNER — Donald Donnalson spent his childhood summers assisting his stepfather with contractor work, a job he initially disliked and vowed to never pursue professionally. After earning degrees from Boston College and Northeastern University Law School, Donnalson practiced law for several years before a return to contracting reignited his interest in the field. In 2011, he launched Beantown Builders, Inc.
Banner Business Sponsored by The Ujima Project
At a young age, Donald Donnalson helped his stepfather with contractor work during his summers off. He always hated it back then and vowed to never go into the profession.
After earning degrees from Boston College and Northeastern University Law School, he practiced law for a number of years. But when his stepfather asked for help with contracting as an adult, Donnalson “caught the bug.” He launched Beantown Builders, Inc. in 2011, which now focuses on housing builds including multifamily conversions, redevelopment of underutilized properties, and accessory dwelling units throughout Greater Boston and eastern Massachusetts.
“There are a lot of contractors in Massachusetts, and discovering what your niche is — for any entrepreneur, but especially in this industry — is super important,” he said, adding that their housing niche is important for its impact on the community.
“Greater Boston faces significant housing affordability and availability challenges, and we think that existing properties represent an opportunity to create additional housing without always requiring entirely new developments,” he said.
Donnalson started his company with incredible personal investment. He left his role as a finance manager for Audi Natick and liquidated his 401k to jumpstart the business.
“I basically just bet on myself. I didn’t have a project. I didn’t have anything. I was just like, I’m gonna go do this because if I don’t do it now, I’m never gonna do it,” he explained.
Today his minority-owned business is addressing the need for more housing while helping dispel broader distrust of contractors.
“Seeing a company like ours in the community that’s willing to learn more, do more, take on these experiences, and fill the gap where there seems like there’s not enough of us around is a big help,” he said, later adding that, “as an MBE [Minority Business Enterprise], we’re focused on building more than a successful construction company. We’re developing the people, systems and capabilities to take on increasingly complex projects while contributing to housing opportunities, economic development and the communities we serve.”
For Director of Marketing Alicia Zuniga, their mission helps guide the work and build trust with customers. Beantown’s clients are a mix of homeowners, families and property investors.
The team “understands construction is about much more than buildings. Behind every project are people with goals, expectations and important decisions to make,” Zuniga said.
Donnalson said one of the biggest obstacles he currently faces is attracting and keeping the best talent to help on projects, which have taken the team as far south as Fall River and North Attleboro and as far north as Lynn.
They recently supported The Guild nonprofit in constructing a community-oriented urban space, turning a hillside into public green space with paths and areas to gather. Landscape architects at Landworks Studio designed the urban forest project while Beantown supported the build, including masonry and permeable paving.
“Projects like this reflect our belief that construction can do more than improve individual properties; it can also contribute to the neighborhoods and communities around them,” Donnalson said
Based on reporting by Bay State Banner.
Black Press
Black Household Wealth Plummeted 25% in Three Years, New Data Shows
MICHIGAN CHRONICLE — A new analysis of Federal Reserve data reveals that median wealth for Black households dropped 25% between 2022 and 2025, falling from $49,100 to $36,800. This decline occurred while White, Hispanic, and Asian households experienced increases in their median net worth, further widening the national racial wealth gap.
Median wealth among Black households fell 25% between 2022 and 2025, widening the racial wealth gap even as White, Hispanic, and Asian households saw their median net worth increase, according to a new analysis of Federal Reserve data.
Center for Economic and Policy Research (CEPR) director of race and economic justice, Algernon Austin, shared in an analysis published Tuesday (October 13) that median wealth among Black households fell from $49,100 in 2022 to $36,800 in 2025, a 25% decline.
In comparison, median wealth reached $332,100 for White households, $79,600 for Hispanic households, and $677,600 for Asian households in 2025, according to CEPR.
While Black households lost wealth, these groups saw their median wealth increase between 2022 and 2025. In 2025, Black households’ median wealth was $179,100 below the national median, up from a $162,000 gap in 2022.
Austin’s analysis suggests declining home, vehicle, and retirement account values contributed to the drop. The share of Black households with nonfinancial assets also declined from 81% to 78.4%.
The findings come as broader household wealth gains slowed and financial strain increased.Reuters reported earlier this month that the Federal Reserve’s latest Survey of Consumer Finances found the share of families spending at least 40% of their income on debt payments rose from 6.5% in 2022 to 8.6% in 2025.
The latest findings add to longstanding concerns about the racial wealth gap. A 2017 report by Prosperity Now and the Institute for Policy Studies projected that median Black household wealth could reach zero by 2053 if existing trends continued, raising questions about the long-term financial security of Black families.
That figure was a projection based on trends at the time, not a confirmed outcome.
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Based on reporting by Michigan Chronicle.
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