Entertainment
Hip Hop Controversy: Rap Music May be Facing New Challenges
by Charlene Muhammad
Special to the NNPA from The Final Call
The latest to feel public pressure is former prison guard-turned rapper Rick Ross, who also uses a former drug trafficker’s name. He recently apologized for controversial rape lyrics belted out as a featured rapper on another artist’s song. Ross glorified drugging and date rape, activists and rape survivors charged.LOS ANGELES (FinalCall.com) – Rappers and music audiences appear to be engaged in a battle over freedom of speech and consumerism with a backlash against negative lyrics.
His initial response, saying there was a misunderstanding with a lyric or misinterpretation, was the wrong response, they added.
The word on Mr. Ross’ official website is there’s much anticipation about his upcoming album, “God Forgives. I Don’t.” Despite his apology, (which at Final Call press time, wasn’t posted online), it seems many will not soon forgive or forget his latest antics.
The powers behind rappers
Reebok, the sportswear company, dropped Mr. Ross, indicating he hadn’t shown enough remorse for the lyrics.
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“We have to celebrate our victories and Reebok dropping Rick Ross is important, but we know and obviously the readers of The Final Call are smart enough to know that Reebok did not do this out of humanity or the kindness of their heart. They had no choice but to do this because of the pressure,” said Rosa Clemente, hip hop activist and 2008 Green Party vice presidential candidate.
Ms. Clemente made a video response to Mr. Ross’ lyrics. But the problem is bigger than Mr. Ross and it will continue unless specific acts are taken, she cautioned.
Her video challenges men in hip hop to stand up and say this is unacceptable.
Rick Ross isn’t the only rapper that spews such sentiment, she said, and proof is in the number of radio stations playing the song.
It will continue until the brothers stand with the sisters and denounce it, because it’s not just a woman’s issue, said Ms. Clemente.
Every two minutes, someone in the U.S. is sexually assaulted, according to the Rape, Abuse and Incest National Network. According to the U.S. Department of Justice’s National Crime Victimization Survey, there is an average of more than 207,000 victims (age 12 or older) of rape and assault each year.
Understanding the rap industry
Dialogue about the “rap industrial complex” can fuel change, Ms. Clemente said.
But people must be willing to probe what is the system in play, and who are the power players that allow these artists to put out rhymes and lyrics that they themselves don’t even write? Ms. Clemente said.
Why are artists like Ross or Lil’ Wayne or Chief Keef getting constant rotation on radio airwaves but the plethora of incredibly conscious male and female hip hop MCs and artists will never be on the radio? she asked.
“I believe that even if Rick Ross were to get dropped by his record company or Chief Keef gets dropped by Interscope, that they have a lot of mostly young brothers down the pipeline, that they’re saying, ‘Say whatever you want to say and the worst and most violent and misogynistic, we’re going to pay you,’ ” Ms. Clemente told The Final Call.
“Some rappers think that nothing is going to happen to them and the reality is something has happened to Rick Ross, but what about the record company that said it was okay for him to do this and that continues to put him on tour,” Ms. Clemente argued.
Currently, there are at least four different www.change.org petitions, demanding accountability from Mr. Ross and rappers who’ve put out similar controversial lyrics, as well as record label companies and radio stations that support or play their records.
The online petition titled, “Rape, Rick Ross and Responsibility – #RRR,” has nearly 2,100 supporters. It targets a host of record label and radio executives and is demanding a system of safeguards to protect consumers and the general public from illegal references promoting rape, drug use, violence and misogyny.
The petitioner organizers aptly point out what many people say around dinner tables, in barber shops and beauty salons, and at work day water coolers: Mainstream rap has been suffering from repulsive content for a long time but this latest wave of filth is “our breaking point” and society’s hit rock bottom. Lil’ Wayne, Rick Ross, 2 Chainz, Trinidad James, Chief Keef and music companies backing them are all to blame, the petition says.
Accidents, racism and revulsion
Rap icon LL Cool J got lambasted after the release of the country and western song “Accidental Racist.” Some likened his duet with Brad Paisley to Lil’ Wayne’s vulgar, controversial lyrics about Emmett Till, the child whose brutal murder in Mississippi helped spark the modern civil rights movement.
LL Cool J
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In interviews, including the “Tonight Show with Jay Leno,” LL Cool J insisted the song had done its job. People are talking, he said.
“I would never, ever, ever suggest to anyone that we should just forget slavery and act like that didn’t happen, I understand the systemic racism that exists, I get that,” LL said.
Many weren’t convinced branding him “LL Coon J” for a song whose lyrics begin, “Dear Mr. White Man,” and includes words about gold chains, slave chains and forgiveness.
“I don’t know if it’s a one size fits all type of situation,” said Davey D, a hip hop journalist, historian, talk show host and activist. Several things are at stake, he said.
“One is that there’s an audience that has grown up on hip hop that is tired of the stuff that is coming out. They’re tired of the corporatization of it and with the corporatization of hip hop has come the packaging and the wholesale selling of, for lack of a better term, this ratchetness,” Davey D toldThe Final Call.
This isn’t limited to hip hop, but rears its head in reality shows and other venues but those crass behaviors and images sell in virtually any area, he said.
If someone dies or goes to jail in the music industry, companies make money off that as well, Davey D continued.
“That has meant that people have upped the ante in terms of how they can shock people. If you think about it, 20 years ago when you had 2 Live Crew singing explicit songs about sex or you had the Ghetto Boys kind of giving you fantasy type of gory horror movie in their rhymes, that was kind of shocking,” explained Davey D.
“But now, when you think about it, NWA and 2 Live Crew and what the Geto Boys was talking about actually seems very, very plain to what has kind of been normalized in music and entertainment.”
Davey D argued the message is normalized because much of what those artists talked about has manifested in reality TV, which includes the police shows.
Lil’ Wayne has been very public about the fact he “sips syrup” and has a substance abuse problem, and he’s handsomely rewarded by and marketed to people outside the Black community, Davey D continued.
“If you and I happen to say we don’t like him and we’re going to boycott him, when you look at the numbers, it’s like, ‘So what. I’ve got all these other people buying my stuff.’ So that means that Lil’ Wayne doesn’t get checked. He doesn’t have to engage us, and so there are no boundaries and the end result is he’ll talk about Emmett Till and keep it moving like there’s nothing wrong with that.”
With LL Cool J comes a very different political outlook, Davey D said. While some people say LL is naive and doesn’t know better, and it may be true to a certain degree, the near-50-year-old rapper is not afraid to speak his mind on politics, Davey D noted.
“In this thing with his racial analysis, I think he falls into the trap that so many of us do. We feel good. We got access. We’re cool. Let’s have a kumbaya moment and I just think LL’s assessment of what we should really talk about with race is shortchanged because he didn’t give it as much thought as one would think.”
“I do think that the inference that you can be an accidental racist is pretty ludicrous and for L to sort of take a stand at this time, sort of like politically or message-wise is interesting,” said Chuck Creekmur, CEO of www.AllHipHop.com.
“I love L, so I don’t want any confusion there. But I just find it awkward, now, that you get on a country record with a guy that proclaims to be an accidental racist, however you want to flip that meaning, but I think the outrage on L is more like, come on man, you know better than this,” Mr. Creekmur said.
But Lil’ Wayne and Rick Ross represent how far society’s slid as a people to some extent, he continued.
Playing politics and social concerns
Ross has managed to parlay his gangster tales into mainstream success, and with that success he simply forgot to read the tea leaves, Davey D stated. The crux of the mainstream in many arenas is White women who, along with Blacks and other women of color, have been battling a backlash of politicians unwilling to address rape in general and in the military, he said.
Davey D continued, “He did what he did and didn’t care. And when sisters, who were the first to raise the alarm about this, brought him to task, he kind of ignored it. And then when he gave an explanation, it was kind of a half a — —explanation.”
Mega artists Jay-Z and wife Beyonce, on the other hand, have felt a more political backlash for their recent government approved trip to Cuba. Many fans and activists have taken issue with the notion they needed U.S. approval to set foot on Cuban soil.
“Jay-Z’s a different type of beat. He’s the Obama of Rap … Think about what’s in Cuba right now. And you would hope that he would come back and say, “Man they got doctors there. I like the education system.’ You would have just loved him to say some of these things that we can easily be bolstered by and he just won’t,” said Davey D.
Republicans demanded to know who approved the trip and wanted to question the rapper. Jay-Z responded by rapping politicians never did anything but lie to him. And, he expressed love for Cuba and disdain for the political double standard. You want to talk about Cuba and communism when my mic is made in China, Jay-Z said. He invited President Obama, who he has supported, to reject the political madness and come “chill” with him on a beach. The president’s political foes were trying to use the trip to embarrass and hurt Mr. Obama.
Akilah Nehanda, a Houston-based, independent artist and member of the Nation of Islam, also applauds the rap backlash. “I think it’s refreshing to know that people aren’t completely desensitized to irresponsible lyrics because for a long time it seemed like we weren’t holding artists accountable for anything.
“There has to be a knowledge of the importance and value of women, not as tools and sex objects, but as co-creators with God, as mothers, wives, sisters,” she said.
AK-47, a rap duo of brothers based in Chicago, got into music to help reverse the negative trends in the genre they love. The “A” stands for Arshad, the “K” for Khalil, and the 47 for the 47th chapter of the Holy Qur’an, titled “Muhammad.”
Arshad Muhammad enjoys artists who can deliver a good message without sounding preachy. “Music as a whole, I think there are some good artists that aren’t negative. It’s about what you listen to, basically. Mainstream sells a certain idea but if you’re not into that, there are other things you can get into that aren’t negative,” he said.
Khalil Muhammad wants success in the industry so he can give back to the people. “I think of my music as the biggest fishing tool so I can teach the people in a different way that most artists don’t. They don’t talk like me and my brother. They haven’t grown up the way me and my brother have under the Nation of Islam. They don’t know the knowledge that me and my brother know,” he said.
Pioneering artists like Kangol Kid attribute the rap backlash to society’s feeling enough is enough. The problem is not brand new in hip hop, he said.
“Several artists, unfortunately even myself at one point, was pushed in this particular area and it’s gotten to a point to where hip hop artists from back then, who started all of this, are all now adults,” who have joined the masses to effect a change, Kangol told The Final Call.
Black Press
New Protections for Ticket Buyers: Gov. Newsom Signs Assemblymember Isaac Bryan’s Bill
OAKLAND POST — Assembly Bill 1349 expands state regulation of original ticket sellers, resellers and online resale marketplaces. The law targets deceptive sales practices, ticket-buying software and speculative listings — tickets advertised for sale by sellers who do not possess them or have authorization to sell them.
Gov. Gavin Newsom signed legislation on Sept. 27 authored by Assemblymember Isaac Bryan (D-Ladera Heights) that strengthens consumer protections for Californians purchasing tickets to concerts, sporting events and other live entertainment.
Assembly Bill 1349 expands state regulation of original ticket sellers, resellers and online resale marketplaces. The law targets deceptive sales practices, ticket-buying software and speculative listings — tickets advertised for sale by sellers who do not possess them or have authorization to sell them.
“Buying a ticket shouldn’t come with hidden risks or unfair practices,” Newsom wrote on social media after signing the measure.
Under AB 1349, ticket sellers are prohibited from listing tickets before they have been officially released unless they have authorization or a legally enforceable right to receive them. Online marketplaces must also take reasonable steps to prevent speculative ticket sales on their platforms.
The law prohibits sellers from using bots, multiple accounts, email addresses or internet protocol addresses to circumvent ticket limits, presale restrictions, electronic queues and other controls. It also bans websites and advertisements designed to mislead buyers into believing they are purchasing tickets from an authorized seller, venue or event organizer.
Sellers who violate certain provisions and fail to provide a promised ticket may be held liable for twice the ticket’s contracted price. Buyers may also recover nonrefundable expenses incurred while attempting to attend an event, along with reasonable attorney’s fees and court costs.
Pastor Tecoy Porter Sr., president of the National Action Network’s Sacramento chapter, said the law establishes needed accountability.
“Buying a ticket to a concert or show shouldn’t mean entering a marketplace where the rules are stacked against you. This year, we worked with a coalition of consumers, civil rights advocates, community groups, and businesses to make AB 1349 stronger. Consumers deserve enforceable rules that protect them. We thank Assemblymember Bryan for his leadership, and we will keep working to make ticketing fair for every Californian.”
Jose L. Barrera, national vice president for the Far West Region of the League of United Latin American Citizens, also praised the measure.
“Californian families deserve certain protections when they buy tickets. Assemblymember Bryan listened to communities across California and delivered a bill that puts fans first. We thank him and Governor Newsom for making it law.”
Black History
Why Black Artists Struggle to Sell Tours
HOUSTON DEFENDER — Recent industry reports and artist comments indicate that Black artists are struggling to sell concert tickets, highlighting a larger crisis in the touring business. This trend, dubbed “blue dot fever,” refers to empty seats at venues and has led to major touring acts canceling or postponing shows since spring 2026.
The internet chatter about Black artists struggling to sell concert tickets points to a much larger crisis reshaping the touring business, according to recent industry reporting and artists’ own comments.
Since spring 2026, a wave of major touring acts across genres have canceled or postponed shows due to sluggish ticket sales, a trend some in the industry have dubbed “blue dot fever,” a reference to the blue markers that indicate empty seats on Ticketmaster’s venue maps.
The phenomenon is not limited to Black performers, but several recent examples involving Black artists have fueled online conversation about whether Black touring acts face extra hurdles. For a market like Houston, home to a large hip-hop and R&B fan base and a steady stream of major tour stops, the debate carries added weight.
Here are five reasons the touring business has gotten tougher for artists trying to fill seats.
Blue dot fever is spreading industrywide
Black hip-hop megastars like Ludacris, T.I., Rick Ross, and BigXThaPlug felt the impact of Blue Dot Fever after struggling to sell tickets. Industry watchers say many artists are being booked into venues too large for their current draw, leaving sections visibly empty, discouraging last-minute buyers. The trend cuts across genres, but it has compounded challenges already facing some Black touring artists this year.
Fans keep comparing every artist to music’s biggest superstars
Grammy-winning singer Melanie Fiona recently weighed in on the online conversation about canceled shows and slow sales, explaining that most artists do not have the resources or reach of music’s top-tier headliners. The trade outlet Ticket News has made a similar point, noting that few artists can match the pricing structure or demand generated by superstar-level tours. When any artist falls short of that bar, fans and social media users are quick to call it a flop, even when the artist is still performing at a healthy level for their career stage.
Stadium bookings are outpacing actual demand
A hip-hop stadium concert set to take place in Louisville in October 2026, featuring Ludacris, T.I., Rick Ross, and BigXThaPlug, reportedly had nearly 47,000 seats still available as showtime approached. The example illustrates a broader booking problem. Venues sized for arena or stadium crowds do not always match the number of fans willing or able to buy tickets, regardless of an artist’s streaming numbers or name recognition. Some promoters are now facing pressure to book smaller, more intimate venues that better match an act’s current draw.
Rising costs are squeezing fans’ entertainment budgets
Housing, groceries, and everyday expenses have climbed for many households, and live music is often one of the first expenses fans cut. Older or legacy acts leaning on nostalgia appear to be hit hardest, since higher ticket and fee prices make attending a bigger financial decision than it once was. Newer or lower-profile Black artists competing for the same limited entertainment dollars face an uphill climb, especially when fans have to choose between one or two shows a year instead of several.
Social media shape who gets mainstream exposure
Does TikTok Dominate the music industry.
Black artists in hip-hop and R&B often compete for airplay and playlist placement within genre-specific categories rather than mainstream ones, which can limit the crossover exposure that turns streaming success into ticket sales. Artists working outside those two genres, including gospel, jazz, and Afrobeats-influenced acts, face a similar challenge in reaching audiences beyond their dedicated fan bases. Whether that structural gap is driving today’s sales slump remains an open question that industry analysts and artists are actively debating.
Based on reporting by Houston Defender.
Art
From Ma Rainey to AI: New Technology Amplifies an Old Fight over Artist Control
HOWARD UNIVERSITY NEWS SERVICE — August Wilson’s “Ma Rainey’s Black Bottom” explores Ma Rainey’s struggle for control over her music during a 1920s recording session, highlighting conflicts over art, money, and power dynamics between musicians and business interests. Round House Theatre’s production, running through October 18 in Bethesda, Maryland, stages this historical fight, drawing parallels to contemporary issues.
In August Wilson’s “Ma Rainey’s Black Bottom,” Ma Rainey fights to control what happens to her music once she enters the recording studio. Today, musicians are confronting a new question: What happens when artificial intelligence can profit from the identity attached to their music?
Round House Theatre’s production of “Ma Rainey’s Black Bottom,” which runs through Oct. 18 in Bethesda, Maryland, brings an older struggle over artistic control to the stage. Set during a recording session in 1920s Chicago, Wilson’s play follows Ma and her band as conflicts over art, money and control expose the imbalance between the musicians creating the work and the people conducting the business around it. That same question of who can profit from an artist’s value is now being tested in a very different setting nearly a century later.

Musicians Jason Isbell, David Lowery, Guy Forsyth and Eduardo Calle filed a class-action lawsuit on Aug. 31 against AI music company Suno. They allege that the company commercially exploits artists through an AI system capable of generating music imitating artists’ identities and styles without permission. Suno disputes the allegations.
The U.S. Copyright Office has also studied AI-generated digital replicas and recommended federal legislation to address gaps in protections against unauthorized replicas of a person’s voice or appearance. Its broader AI inquiry received more than 10,000 public comments.
For Nicole Michelle Haskins, who portrays Ma Rainey in the Round House production, the struggle over power begins with understanding Ma as more than a demanding recording star.
“She is the only advocate she has,” Haskins said. “The choices presented to her are to surrender or fight. Ma chooses to fight.”

Haskins said Ma enters the recording studio knowing the value that she brings, even as the people around her repeatedly challenge her decisions. She exercises her leverage and pushes back when others attempt to dictate how the session will proceed.
The real Gertrude “Ma” Rainey was one of the earliest Black women to record blues commercially. Between 1923 and 1928, she made more than 100 recordings for Paramount Records, according to the Smithsonian.
One surviving agreement shows how at least part of that business worked. A Dec. 12, 1923, royalty agreement for “Walking Blues,” signed by Rainey and composer Lovie Austin, provided them two cents for each printed piano copy sold in the United States and Canada. They were also entitled to one-fourth of the royalties the publisher received from mechanical reproductions, minus a 10% collection cost.

For Haskins, portraying a character negotiating those relationships does not feel entirely removed from being an artist today.
“The life that I live as an artist is not that dissimilar from the world that August Wilson has written,” Haskins said.
The technology surrounding artists, however, has changed dramatically.
The scale of AI-generated music has grown quickly. In July, streaming service Deezer said it was receiving about 90,000 fully AI-generated tracks a day, more than half of its daily uploads. Those tracks accounted for less than 3% of all streams.
The lawsuit against Suno is not primarily a traditional copyright case about whether an AI-generated song copied a particular recording. Instead, the musicians rely largely on state right-of-publicity laws, which concern the commercial use of a person’s identity.
According to the complaint, users can enter musicians’ names and use them as a retrieval key for AI-generated music drawing on characteristics associated with those artists. The plaintiffs argue that an output does not have to copy a specific song or perfectly reproduce an artist’s voice for the artist’s commercial identity to be exploited.
Suno disputes that characterization of its technology. The company has said it does not use artists’ names as training metadata and does not permit users to prompt its system for specific artists. Suno says references to artists are filtered and redirected toward descriptions of musical characteristics. Its own prompting guide, for example, encourages users to describe features such as tempo, vocals and instrumentation, using phrases like “bright pop track,” “110 BPM,” “female vocals” and a “big synth hook.”
The Suno dispute centers on more than ownership of a particular song or recording. It raises the question of whether an artist’s name, likeness and other identifying characteristics can be used commercially to generate new music without permission.
Haskins resists describing that underlying conflict as merely contemporary.
“I don’t think they feel contemporary,” Haskins said of Ma’s concerns. “I think they feel worldly.”
For Haskins, AI is one setting for a larger struggle over who has power over creative work. She said the problem of Black people being separated from control of things they created has existed far longer than the technology now raising those questions. The Library of Congress notes that early record companies sometimes used white performers to record music associated with Black artists rather than hire the Black performers themselves, while Black musicians remained rare on early commercial recordings.
“It just hasn’t stopped happening,” she said.
That interpretation shapes the way Haskins portrays Ma’s fight for control. She pointed to a brief moment in the second act when Ma’s manager attempts to steer her toward a different song. Ma refuses and proceeds with the recording she intends to make.
Haskins said the moment stands out precisely because Ma does not need a dramatic confrontation to establish who has the final say.
“She’s not demanding control. She’s not asserting control,” Haskins said. “She is simply positioning herself in correct order.”
La Tetra Metts-Owens is a reporter forHUNewsService.com. She covers Prince George’s County and theater.
Based on reporting by Howard University News Service.
Art
Mothership Sirius B: Atlanta’s Immersive Afrofuturist Art Exhibit Decodes The Past and Future for Black Americans
Who decides what the future looks like? For generations, science fiction and pop culture have handed us the answer. Artist Fabian Williams opened Mothership Sirius B, a three-story immersive art installation, to offer a different one.
Atlanta Students Help Shape the Exhibit
Inside the art installation at 12 Jackson St in Atlanta, the project’s community roots are what set it apart. Students from Morgan Oliver School, Maynard Jackson High School, and Georgia Tech created original artwork that runs through the whole show. It all leads to the Future Lab, a room built for conversation, creativity, and imagining what comes next together.
Williams also sat down with many of the students to ask what kind of future they want to build. Their answers give a real look at how Atlanta’s next generation pictures its city. The Mayor’s Office of Cultural Affairs, led by Adriane Jefferson, is a confirmed institutional partner.
What “Sirius B” Means
The exhibit covers six decades across its three floors, and the name carries the idea behind it. Sirius A and B form a double star system that can’t be seen with the naked eye. According to a story Afrofuturist thinkers often cite, the Dogon people of Mali knew of it centuries before Western astronomers confirmed it. For those thinkers, it shows that Black communities have always held knowledge about the future that mainstream culture was too narrow to notice. Williams puts it this way: the vessel “was always there.”
Pop Culture, Black Empowerment, and Political Commentary
The work plays pop culture against themes of Black empowerment, and it doesn’t hide its disdain for President Donald J. Trump. Many pieces use lenticular printing, so the image changes as you move. A familiar original shifts into Williams’ own take.
Inside the Exhibit, Floor by Floor
First floor: America in the 1950s. Mint green walls and checkerboard linoleum set the scene. The art draws on posters for “The Twilight Zone,” “Planet of the Apes,” and “Soylent Green,” which expose the fears and false assumptions white Americans held about Black Americans.
Second floor: the 1980s and 1990s. This level looks at the privatization of public life. The centerpiece of the 1990s section is “Malcolm Morpheus: Matrix Version v.68,” a lenticular print that flips between Morpheus from “The Matrix,” palms open with a red pill and a blue pill, and Malcolm X in the same pose. The wall text says Malcolm X “offered society the red pill of hard truths.”
Third floor: Black Jesus and the Future Lab. A huge painting of Black Jesus greets you on arrival. The first room off the hallway, the Garden of Jza, breaks from Williams’ usual style. Its collages show civil rights figures, including Jimmy Carter, Martin Luther King Jr., and Malcolm X, alongside their spouses, drifting through peaceful landscapes in vintage cars.
The Future Lab is a lounge-style think tank with bean bag seating, curated music, and a black-lit “aether room.” Visitors are invited to write their hopes and prayers for the future on sticky notes and leave them behind.
Tickets and Admission
- General admission: $20 per person, includes one drink ticket
- RSVP without a drink: $15
- Children ages 5 to 16: $10
- Children under 5: $5
Buy tickets through Eventbrite at isawmothership.com. To support the exhibition, you can donate through Satellite Collective at secure.givelively.org/donate/satellite-collective-inc/mothership-atl.
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- Fabian Williams delivers a presentation inside his art installation, Mothership Sirius B in Atlanta, Georgia. (Photo: Itoro N. Umontuen/Black Press USA)
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Black History
IN MEMORIAM: The Mighty Sparrow, King of Calypso, Dies at Age 91 in New York
NEW YORK CARIB NEWS — Slinger Francisco, widely known as the Mighty Sparrow, died on Sunday, September 27, in New York at the age of 91. The legendary calypso artist passed peacefully after a brief illness, surrounded by loved ones. Born in Grand Roy, Grenada, in 1935, he moved to Trinidad as a child, where he developed his distinctive style.

NEW YORK — For anyone raised in the Caribbean, or in a Brooklyn, Bronx, or Queens household where the radio stayed tuned to home, there was never a time without the Mighty Sparrow. His voice was simply part of the furniture of our lives: at Carnival, at weddings, at Sunday lunch, in the car on the way to JFK. On Sunday, that voice went quiet.
Slinger Francisco, known to the world as the Mighty Sparrow, died Sunday, September 27, in New York. He was 91. His family said he passed peacefully after a brief illness, with loved ones at his bedside.
He was born in Grand Roy, Grenada, in 1935, and was still a small child when his family moved to Trinidad. Port of Spain made him. Its yards, its rum shops and its calypso tents gave him his rhythm and his sharp tongue. He sang in a church choir as a boy, but the city had a louder music, and by his late teens he was performing under the name that would become a title.
The breakthrough came in 1956 with “Jean and Dinah,” his mischievous farewell to the American servicemen leaving Trinidad after the war years. The song swept Carnival, winning him both the Road March and the Calypso King crown. It introduced a young performer who could be funny and fearless at once, who could make an entire nation laugh at itself and then think hard about what it had just laughed at.
He was fearless offstage too. A year after that first crown, he refused to compete over the paltry prize money offered to calypsonians, a stand that helped push the art form toward the respect and the pay its practitioners deserved.
Over six decades, he recorded hundreds of songs. He could turn a love story, a boast or a bit of bedroom comedy into a hit, but he was just as formidable when the subject was power. “Dan Is the Man in the Van” took apart a colonial schooling that taught Caribbean children nonsense about themselves. “Congo Man,” “Mr. Walker,” “The Lizard” and “Both of Them” became standards sung by people who had never set foot in a calypso tent. Long before anyone printed it on a poster, audiences had already crowned him the Calypso King of the World.
For New York’s Caribbean community, Sparrow was never just a visiting star. He made this city his home for many years and played its biggest rooms, including Madison Square Garden, before crowds of immigrants who heard in his voice the islands they had left behind. A Sparrow show here was less a concert than a homecoming.
Trinidad and Tobago honored him with the Trinity Cross, then its highest national award, and generations of calypsonians and soca artists have named him as the standard they measured themselves against. Fans called him “Birdie,” and the affection in that nickname said everything.
Tributes are already pouring in from across the region and the diaspora, and they will keep coming for weeks. But perhaps the truest tribute is the simplest one: somewhere tonight, in Port of Spain, St. George’s, Flatbush and beyond, someone is putting on a Sparrow record, turning it up, and singing along.
Based on reporting by New York Carib News.
Black Press
From Historic Memories to New Possibilities: Oakland Celebrates Coliseum 60
More than 75 people gathered at Youth UpRising in East Oakland on Friday, September 18, for Coliseum 60, an event marking six decades of sports, entertainment, employment, and community memories at the Oakland-Alameda County Coliseum Complex. Held 60 years to the day after the Coliseum first opened, the celebration featured cultural performances and a mini-documentary highlighting its history. Speakers reflected on the venue’s significant role in the community and its future possibilities. Read more to learn about the individuals and stories honored during this special event.
More than 75 people gathered at Youth UpRising in East Oakland on Friday, Sept. 18, for Coliseum 60, a celebration honoring six decades of sports, entertainment, employment and community memories connected to the Oakland-Alameda County Coliseum Complex.
Held 60 years to the day after the Coliseum opened, the event carried the theme, “One Community. One Legacy. One Future. Forward Together.”
The celebration opened with the national anthem performed by sisters Anese Jade, Amina Benjamin and Zaza Benjamin. Diamano Coura West African Dance Company contributed African dance and drumming, bringing movement, rhythm and cultural expression to the program.
A mini documentary highlighted the Coliseum’s sports history and its broader role as an entertainment destination. Archival material recalled performances by Prince and Tina Turner, along with memorable games featuring the Warriors, Oakland A’s and Raiders.
“The Coliseum 60 is about much more than celebrating a building or looking back at 60 years of history,” said event organizer Quixote Atkins of VillageGIVE.
“It’s about the people who made that history possible: the families, workers, athletes, artists, community leaders, fans and generations who gathered there and created memories together.”
A panel exploring that history featured author, historian and former Black Panther Party member Tareka Lewis; stagehand and union representative Keith Brown; and Ray Bobbitt, president of the African American Sports and Entertainment Group AASEG. Lewis described her family as fourth-generation Bay Area pioneers.
“My family and Black families who arrived even earlier helped build the Bay Area, grew businesses and established culture here,” Lewis said. “This should be taught in the public schools.”
Lewis recalled Oakland’s influence on sports, music and literature, from the Raiders’ beginnings at Laney College to stars such as The Pointer Sisters and Rickey Henderson who attended Oakland public schools. She also advocated for school museums, historical timelines, entrepreneurship training and investments benefiting corridors such as Bancroft Avenue and High Street.
Keith Brown, a member of Local 107 of the International Alliance of Theater and Stage Employees (IATSE) who began working at the Coliseum in 2011, remembered the Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus, the Ice Capades, baseball bat giveaways and Nelson Mandela’s 1990 appearance.
“The special events are amazing, but it’s the workers that make the memories real for everyone,” Brown said. “They make the magic happen at the Coliseum.”
The program recognized longtime workers, including beer-stand manager Robert Preston, who served for 40 years, and Kenyatta Gentry, who worked as a vendor for 24 years and used her earnings to purchase her first apartment. Union workers Jose Gonzales and Carmen Sandoval were also honored. Speakers emphasized that Coliseum employment provided generations of residents with union wages and benefits.
Dr. Denise Saddler, the superintendent of the Oakland Unified School District (OUSD) was also honored. Saddler shared her family’s history of working at the Coliseum.
District 7 Oakland City Councilmember Ken Houston discussed the complex ownership arrangements involving the city, county and private interests.
“This was the most complex deal of its kind in the country,” Houston said.
Prior to moving from the East Coast, Alameda County Supervisor and Coliseum Joint Powers Authority Chair Nate Miley recalled learning about Oakland through its three professional sports teams. As an elected official and public servant, Miley fought hard to keep the Golden State Warriors, Oakland As, and the Raiders, but he is hopeful for the future.
“The story is not over for the Coliseum,” Miley said. “We’re entering a new chapter.”
Bobbitt said the departure of three teams had once seemed unimaginable, but he maintained that Oakland’s future remains bright.
“Oakland is a cultural superpower worldwide,” Bobbitt said. “We’re going to write the future where we participate and drive the redevelopment.”
Bobbitt highlighted AASEG’s four-year partnership with Castlemont High School’s architecture program, which engages students in reimagining and creating redevelopment concepts for the Coliseum property. “The youth will always move us forward. They are the future.”
In closing, Atkins said, “September 18 is the celebration, but what we build together afterward is the legacy.”
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